Backpage ad site: Aid to traffickers or way to stop them?
Grace Marie, a sex worker and dominatrix, is shown in a photo in Los Angeles last month.
Thomas Dart, sheriff of Cook County, Ill., looks at a computer screen in an office at his Chicago headquarters. For years, Dart has been taking aim at Backpage.com, a classified ad website with an adult services section that was shown in court to be used by sex traffickers.
First amendment lawyer Liz McDougall poses for a picture in New York5. McDougall is general counsel for the company that runs the classified ad website Backpage.com.
CHICAGO – The adult ads on Backpage.com are endless – written in a sort of risque code to avoid implying something illegal, yet still obvious invitations for sex, adorned with suggestive photos and videos. Many in the fight against sex trafficking loathe the website, particularly since some escorts in the ads turned out to be minors who’ve been forced into the sex trade.
An Illinois sheriff is among those targeting Backpage and recently helped convince Visa and Mastercard to stop providing payment services to the site.
“Whoever it is that’s facilitating these horrible crimes, we can’t just sit back and say, ‘Well, that’s OK. I guess it’s a business model,”‘ said Thomas Dart, the sheriff in Cook County, Ill., which includes Chicago.
He spoke to the Associated Press the day before a judge issued a restraining order, preventing Dart from making further comment until a Backpage lawsuit against him – seeking a retraction of his statements to credit card companies and damages for lost revenue – is resolved. Meanwhile, Backpage, with headquarters in Dallas and a parent corporation in Amsterdam, continued to operate, allowing users to place free basic ads in its adult category.
Backpage attorneys, citing the First Amendment and federal statutes, argue a public figure shouldn’t be allowed to interfere with a law-abiding company’s ability to do e-commerce.
Liz McDougall, general counsel, has long said Backpage simply provides space for the ads but doesn’t create the content. And she takes it a step further, claiming Backpage routinely works behind the scenes with law enforcement to help put traffickers behind bars.
When it comes to fighting sex trafficking, “I am a true believer that this is one of the most valuable tools there is on the Internet,” said McDougall, who’s based in Los Angeles.
At least one anti-trafficking group was willing to work with Backpage to rescue young women and accepted substantial donations from the site.
And even as some in law enforcement point a finger of blame at Backpage, others on the front lines of the fight against sex trafficking see the site as an ally – even if sometimes uncomfortably so.
“I don’t feel like demonizing them is the appropriate response. I feel like we should be working with them and focusing on … things that could make a difference,” said Sgt. Grant Snyder, the lead detective on the human trafficking team at the Minneapolis Police Department.
Like officials in other big-city departments, he confirms he regularly gets information directly from Backpage that helps convict traffickers and rescue victims. “It helps us recover more victims. It helps us recover them sooner.”
Dart said the help hardly justifies the crush of ads the site creates. He estimated the company, in April alone, published more than 1.4 million adult services ads and made at least $9 million.
Some ads are posted by sex workers such as Grace Marie, a dominatrix in Los Angeles who tweeted recently to complain about Dart’s campaign.
“As a system, Backpage is decidedly anti-pimp. It creates a direct and easy-to-use interface between providers and clients,” Grace Marie said when contacted by the AP. She uses her first and middle names in her work and asked that her last name not be used, citing safety concerns and the fact her work is illegal.
The bigger concern among law enforcement, however, is sex trafficking.
Victims are not always, as many think, women or children smuggled in from foreign countries to work as sex slaves. Police said sex trafficking is as much a homegrown crime – with victims who could be from just around the corner, controlled by pimps with drugs and alcohol or threats.
Its critics claim Backpage helps promote this illegal trade.
“How is it possibly legal to help pimps sell kids? Since when is that legal in the United States of America?” asked Erik Bauer, an attorney in Tacoma, Wash., who is representing four young women in a lawsuit against Backpage. They are seeking damages from the site because their convicted traffickers used it to sell them to johns when they were 7th and 9th graders.
Besides providing law enforcement with information about who posts an ad, McDougall said Backpage employees watch the site’s content closely and send suspicious ads to the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children.
In March, for instance, police in Panama City, Fla., arrested two Illinois men – Dashawn Taylor and Kevin Dante Finley – and charged them with procuring a minor for prostitution. Police found the two men with a 16-year-old girl at a Panama City hotel after Backpage reported an ad with a photo of an underage girl to NCMEC’s sexual exploitation CyberTipline.
Still, NCMEC’s top online analysis expert said Backpage could do more to stop repeat ads, for instance.
“Mere reporting has fallen short,” said Staca Shehan, executive director of the center’s case analysis division, which oversees the organization’s child sex trafficking team.
And because age is so difficult to verify, even Backpage’s allies concede the system is not perfect.
“There’s no question that kids are going to slip through on some of those ads,” said Lois Lee. She is the founder and director of Children of the Night, a residential program in Van Nuys, Calif., for young people, ages 11 to 17, who are attempting to leave prostitution.
By the end of this year, Backpage will have donated $700,000 to Children of the Night since 2012 – all of it, Lee said, used to feed, clothe and educate young women who come to her, often by way of police departments across the country, many who work with Backpage. The site also runs public service ads for a Children of the Night rescue hotline.
“You have to deal with people that are actually in the mix,” Lee said, explaining why she works with Backpage – just as she works with vice officers and drug-addicted victims fleeing abuse. “None of it is pretty.”
Teens in her program said if their traffickers didn’t use Backpage, they’d simply use other sites. And those sites don’t always help police, said Snyder in Minneapolis, noting he recently tried to get information on a suspected trafficker from a Canadian ad site that declined to cooperate.
“We can’t shut down the Internet. So are we better off having a strategy that turns the very tools that (criminals) use to traffic back on them?” Snyder asked.
Sheriff Dart sees another way – for credit card companies to withhold payment services from the next big “entity” that allows escort ads, as they have Backpage.
“We’re never going to eliminate this,” the sheriff said. “But what we can do is to make it more difficult for the criminals who are involved with this – and make it easier for us to catch them.”